After he had defeated the remaining Brythonic population of the area, he was then drawn towards a similar subjugation of Elmet (a Cumbric speaking[7] territory that once existed in the modern-day West Riding of Yorkshire, near Leeds), which drew him into direct conflict with Wales proper. 1. A number of other Border families also have a boar's head in their arms (Gordons, Elphinstones, Nisbets, Hoggs, Swintons) and may be descended from the Anglo-Saxon rulers of Bernicia in Northunbria. His grandson Aethelfrith, who reigned from 593 to 616, united Bernicia and Deira, and Aethelfrith’s successor, King Edwin of Deira, ruled both kingdoms. Eadwulf II is variously titled as either a king or a reeve and the year in which he came to power is unknown. Storm of Steel: A gripping, action-packed historical thriller (The Bernicia Chronicles Book 6) Matthew Harffy. The Kings of Strathclyde and Scotland along with Ealdred, the ruler of Bernicia all attended but Guthfrith, King of Dublin and York chose not to attend. Possibly Ragnall Guthfrithson with Olaf Sihtricson. He was killed in battle by supporters of Edwin, a representative… In 670, Aelfwine, the brother of the childless King Ecgfrith, was made king of Deira; by this point the title may have been used primarily to designate an heir. …of two originally independent states—Bernicia, which was a settlement at Bamburgh on the Northumberland coast, and Deira, lying to the south of it.   - Kings of Northumbria, Historian Kevin Halloran argues that it was Anlaf Cuaran rather than Olaf Guthfrithson who became King of York after Æthelstan's death. It is unfortunate that the medieval sources give surprisingly little information about the origins of the royal family and the history of its early kings. EXTERNAL LINK: Cumbria: The Age of Kings. Jackson). Olaf Sihtricson was restored to the throne. There is some evidence that Ealdred submitted to. Puppet ruler of Bernicia. RELATED LINKS: Map: England & Wales AD 900-950 The Viking Kingdom of York After Æthelstan's death in 939, the men of York immediately chose the Viking king of Dublin, Olaf Guthfrithson (or his cousin, Olaf Sihtricson was also known as Amlaíb Cuarán. Conventionally he is thought to have ruled only the northern part of the kingdom but he may have ruled the entirely of Northumbria. And some of the competitors … Sige dau. [15] See Rulers of Bamburgh for subsequent lords of Bamburgh after Osulf, none of whom ruled as kings. His sons spent many years fighting a united force from the surrounding Brythonic kingdoms until their alliance collapsed into civil war. A popular history has been written that corresponds with the circumstances and life of Eadwulf IV beginning from 867. After this victory, Oswald appears to have been recognised by both Bernicians and Deirans as king of a properly united Northumbria. Kings of Northumbria in the Norse era The kings of Northumbria in the Norse era variously controlled Jórvík, the former Deira, from its capital York or the northern part of the kingdom, the former Bernicia, from Bamburgh. Near this high-status residence lay the island of Lindisfarne (formerly known, in Welsh, as Ynys Metcaut), which became the seat of the Bernician bishops. [10]:190 Thereafter Osulf had control of all Northumbria under Eadred. The southern kings were usually vikings while the northern rulers were Anglo-Saxons. In 973, Scots sovereignty over northern Bernicia, now known as Lothian, was acknowledged by Edgar of England. Eric Bloodaxe was restored to the throne. 2 - The rulers of Bernicia held the title of High Reeve of Bamburgh from at least 913 until 1041, when the last was killed by Harthacnut; sometimes - 954-963 and 975-1016 - they also served as Earls of York. The two were first united by Aethelfrith around the year 604, and except for occasional periods of division over the subsequent century, they remained so. The southern kings were usually Vikings while the northern rulers were Anglo-Saxons. Although he was defeated and killed in battle and replaced by a dynastic … Bernicia is an efficient business with a good track record of improving housing stock, building new homes and developing financial strength. British Royal Family (Rulers of Kent (Hengest (Oisc (Octa (Eormenric…: British Royal Family , After King Athelstan died, the House of Wessex merged with all the other kingdoms to form England as a whole, however, there were still Kings of Wessex Some interpretations make Eadwulf ruler in Bernicia after Ecgberht II, that is to say from the 870s approximately. The Anglian kings of Bernicia were major players in the political dramas of the late sixth century in northern England, and would become the dominant kingly family of a greater Northumbria. Aelfwine was killed in battle against Mercia in 679, and there was not another separate king of Deira until the time of Norse rule. After the Mercian defeat at Winwaed, Aethelwald lost power and Oswiu's own son, Alchfrith, became king in his place. 1553-1558. In the early 7th century, it merged with its southern neighbour, Deira, to form the kingdom of Northumbria, and its borders subsequently expanded considerably. The Anglian territory of Bernicia was approximately equivalent to the modern English counties of Northumberland, Tyne and Wear, and Durham, as well as the Scottish counties of Berwickshire and East Lothian, stretching from the Forth to the Tees. Around 604 he became the first Bernician king to also rule the neighboring land of Deira, giving him an important place in the development of the later kingdom of Northumbria. He married Acha of Deira , the daughter of Edwin, King of Northumbria and Ethelburga of Kent 1 . Warrior of Woden (The Bernicia Chronicles Book 5) Matthew Harffy. Son of Esa. Another exception is a period from about the year 644 to 664, when kings ruled individually over Deira. The counter hypothesis suggesting these names represent a Brythonic adaption of an earlier English form is considered less probable. Ecgberht I ruled north of the Tyne as a puppet king of the Danes. Most of Bernicia remained a de facto independent kingdom, while southern Deira became part of the Danelaw. Doubtful historicity as a king. He is king of Northumberland in 592 1 . Northumbria, a kingdom of Angles, in what is now northern England and south-east Scotland, was initially divided into two kingdoms: Bernicia and Deira. There are several Old Welsh pedigrees of princely "Men of the North" (Gwŷr y Gogledd) that may represent the kings of the British kingdom in the area, which may have been called Bryneich. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Northumbria 163-164, Halloran, "Anlaf Guthfrithson at York", pp. The spectacular view from Blencathra, high over Cumbria. 1558-1594. Killed in the, Son of Oswiu, killed in battle against the Picts, Son of Aldfrith, killed in battle or murdered, Son of Aldfrith, adopted Ceolwulf as his heir, Brother of Coenred, deposed; Saint Ceolwulf, Son of Eata, a descendant of Ida of Bernicia, abdicated to become a monk, Son of Eadberht, murdered by his servants, Distant descendant of Ida of Bernicia, deposed and exiled. of Styr Ulfsson (fl. [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamburgh] Ealdred (died c. 933) was the son of Eadwulf. Bernicia was then briefly ruled by Eanfrith, son of Æthelfrith, but after about a year he went to Cadwallon to sue for peace and was killed. His sons spent many years fighting a united force from the surrounding Brythonic kingdoms until their alliance collapsed into civil war. RULERS OF CUMBRIA: Tribe of the Brigantes Rheged Bernicia & Northumbria Strathclyde. Son of Æthelric, also ruled Deira, killed in battle, Son of Ælla of Deira, which he also ruled, killed in battle by, Son of Æthelfrith, also ruled Deira, killed by, Son of Æthelfrith, became king of united Northumbria, Son of Ælla, also ruled Bernicia; killed in battle by, Son of Æthelfrith, also ruled Bernicia, killed by, Sub-king under his father Oswiu, upon whose death he became king of all Northumbria, Sub-king under his brother Ecgfrith, King of Northumbria. [2] An earlier derivation from the tribal name of the Brigantes has been dismissed as linguistically unsound. Eanfrith's brother Oswald then raised an army and finally defeated Cadwallon at the Battle of Heavenfield in 634. The kings of Bernicia were thereafter supreme in that kingdom, although Deira had its own sub-kings at times during the reigns of Oswiu and his son Ecgfrith. The castle was destroyed in a renewed Viking attack in 993. Adda (fl. Kings of Northumbria in the Norse era The kings of Northumbria in the Norse era variously controlled Jórvík, the former Deira, from its capital York or the northern part of the kingdom, the former Bernicia, from Bamburgh. …recorded king of Bernicia was Ida, who acceded in 547 or c. 558. Bernicia was concerned with threats from the north from Picts and Scots, and Deira more entangled with the problems of the Mercian frontier. According to legend, two Chesolm brothers saved the life of one of the Scottish kings in the 14th century and were granted land in Inverness-shire. And imagine that those competitors were mostly citizens of earth dedicated to protecting the only home they know. 878: Egbert II is the last recorded English king of Northumbria. Edwin (588-593 in Deira, 616-632 in Deira & Bernicia combined) Edwin was the son of Ælle (Aelli), the first independent ruler of the Anglian-held region of Deira. The southern kings were usually Vikings while the northern rulers were Anglo-Saxons. Others are thought to have migrated north (by sea) from Deira (Old English: Derenrice or Dere) in the early 6th century. (see also List of monarchs of Northumbria). This northern realm is referred to by Welsh scholars as Yr Hen Ogledd or, literally, "The Old North". Ecgfrida dau. He was a ruler of at least part of the former kingdom of Bernicia in northern Northumbria in the early tenth century. 876 - 878: Egbert II: Puppet ruler of Bernicia. [1], Analysis of a potential derivation has not produced a consensus. Probably ruled most of Northumbria as a sovereign Anglo-Saxon king. (Redirected from Eadulf I of Bernicia) Eadwulf or Eadulf (died 913) was a ruler in Northumbria in the early tenth century. Although Eadred claimed rule from 946,[10]:185–90 the Kingdom of Northumbria was not absorbed permanently into England until after 954. Ælfgifu dau. The northern kingdoms bickered and fought each other for around a hundred and fifty years. The son of King Aelle of Deira, one of the two Northumbrian kingdoms, Edwin fled into exile when Aethelric, king of Bernicia, seized power in Deira 450-1100)-language text, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 7 April 2021, at 12:43. Adda was one of several sons born to Ida, the first ruler of Bernicia, as was his successor Æthelric . He is the son of Æthelric king of Bernicia . 6. of Ealdhun, Bishop of Dunham (fl. Following the disastrous Battle of Hatfield Chase on 12 October 633, in which Edwin was defeated and killed by Cadwallon ap Cadfan of Gwynedd and Penda of Mercia, Northumbria was divided back into Bernicia and Deira. Aethelfrith, ruler of Bernicia (593–616), won control of Deira, thereby creating the kingdom of Northumbria. 1. AD 560-568) was the third known ruler of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Bernicia . Æthelric, king of Deira for five years after Ælle [then Æthelfrith of Bernicia took over] *Oessa, legendary first settler of Bernicia, grandfather of Ida; Ida, king of Bernicia (547-59) Glappa, king of Bernicia (559-60) Adda, king of Bernicia (560-8) Æthelric, king of Bernicia (568-72) Theodric, king of Bernicia (572-9) [3] In 1997 John T. Koch suggested the conflation of a probable primary form *Bernech with the native form *Brïγent for the old civitas Brigantum as a result of Anglian expansion in that territory during the 7th century.[4]. The kingdom may have been ruled from the site that later became the English Bamburgh, which certainly features in Welsh sources as Din Guardi. In 651, King Oswiu had Oswine of Deira killed and replaced by Aethelwald, but Aethelwald did not prove to be a loyal sub-king, allying with the Mercian king Penda; according to Bede, Aethelwald acted as Penda's guide during the latter's invasion of Northumbria but withdrew his forces when the Mercians met the Northumbrians at the Battle of Winwaed. This was most likely the name of the native Brittonic kingdom, whose name was then adopted by the Anglian settlers who rendered it in Old English as Bernice or Beornice. Others are thought to have migrated north (by sea) from Deira (Old English: Derenrice or Dere) in the early 6th century. The rulers of Bernicia held the title of High Reeve of Bamburgh from at least 913 until 1041, when the last was killed by Harthacnut; sometimes - 954-963 and 975-1016 - … Oswald was the son of Æthelfrith of Bernicia and came to rule after spending a period in exile.After defeating the British ruler Cadwallon ap Cadfan, Oswald brought the two Northumbrian kingdoms of Bernicia and Deira once again under a single ruler, and promoted the spread of Christianity in Northumbria. The kings of Northumbria in the Norse era variously controlled Jórvík, the former Deira, from its capital York or the northern part of the kingdom, the former Bernicia, from Bamburgh. It is unknown when the Angles finally conquered the whole region, but around 604 is likely. 4.7 out of 5 stars (388) Kindle Edition. ealdorman and ruler of all Northumbria (1006–16) Eadwulf II 'Cudel' of Bamburgh ealdorman and high-reeve of Bebbanburgh (died 1019) 1. Ida's grandson, Æthelfrith (Æðelfriþ), united Deira with his own kingdom by force around the year 604. 1000) 3. Gospatric is a British Celtic name meaning 'Servant of St. Patrick'. Following his victory at the Battle of Hastings, in early 1067, William the Conqueror appointed Copsig as Earl of Bernicia. Adda may have been the Bernician commander at the battle of Caer Greu, where the British kings Peredur and Gwrgi of Ebrauc were killed. Hudson, Benjamin (2005), Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion and Empire in the North Atlantic, Oxford: Oxford University Press, Downham, Clare (2007), Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014, Edinburgh: Dunedin, Woolf, From Pictland to Alba, pp. Bernicia (Old English: Bernice, Bryneich, Beornice; Latin: Bernicia) was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom established by Anglian settlers of the 6th century in what is now southeastern Scotland and North East England. The year in which Ecgberht II ceased to be king is unclear. He was killed in battle by supporters of Edwin, a representative of the Deiran royal house, who then ruled both kingdoms; but thereafter, apart from a few very short intervals, Bernician royalty controlled a united Northumbria. In 954 Osulf I was responsible for a conspiracy that led to the death of Eric Bloodaxe. The most commonly cited etymology gives the meaning as "Land of the Mountain Passes" or "Land of the Gaps" (tentatively proposed by Kenneth H. 600's - Cynan Garwyn Brochfael, son of Brochfael Ysgythrog, became King of Powys 600 - Exiled King Oswald returned and restored area to Northumbria 601 - Augustine became the first Archbishop of Canterbury, (he was the bishop in London, head of the southern province and had 12 bishops under him) empowered by Pope Gregory, created two bishopries at West Kent and London where the East Saxon … Branwen ferch Arthwr. He was especially notable for his successes against the Britons and his victory over the Gaels of Dál Riata. Under Oswald son of Æthelfrith, Bernicia was united with Deira to form Northumbria from 634 onward until the Viking invasion of the 9th Century. The early part of Edwin's reign was possibly spent finishing off the remaining resistance coming from the Brythonic exiles of the old British kingdom, operating out of Gododdin. By now his 'kingdom' is little more than the former territory of Bernicia while further south a Scandinavian monarchy is established, ending the necessity of an English puppet ruler. The rulers of Bernicia held the title of High Reeve of Bamburgh from at least 913 until 1041, when the last was killed by Harthacnut. Important Anglian centres in Bernicia bear names of British origin, or are known by British names elsewhere: Bamburgh is called Din Guaire in the Historia Brittonum; Dunbar (where Saint Wilfrid was once imprisoned) represents Dinbaer; and the name of Coldingham is given by Bede as Coludi urbs ("town of Colud"), where Colud seems to represent the British form, possibly for the hill-fort of St Abb's Head. Queen Fatima, in the absence of any other heirs, bequeathed the throne to her cousin Athelstan, King of England, thus forming the personal union between England and Prydain that would ultimately result in the creation of Albion. According to genealogy of Waltheof, Earl of Northampton (and Northumbria), Eadwulf was the son of Æthelthryth daughter of Ælla, King of Northumbria--though this genealogy is not a contemporary one. He married Bebb .   - Kings of Deira; Æthelfrith was King of Bernicia from c. 593 until his death. Then Æthelfrith (Aethelfrith) of Bernicia claimed Deira, which gave him control of all of the Northumbrian Angles. $0.99. He was the most powerful English ruler of his day and the first Christian king of Northumbria. Some of the rulers controlled all or most of Northumbria although there is some doubt over the details as the history of Northumbria in the ninth and tenth centuries is poorly recorded. During this time, Osulf I is variously described as the high-reeve or earl of Bamburgh. To find our more about our successful approach, our performance and our future plans please read our value for money self assessment. This page was last edited on 31 March 2021, at 13:46. Edwin, Anglo-Saxon king of Northumbria from 616 to 633. Even so in the 7th cent. Bernicia occurs in Old Welsh poetry as Bryneich or Brynaich and in the 9th-century Historia Brittonum, (§ 61) as Berneich or Birneich. The unity of the Northumbrian kingdoms was restored after Cadwallon's death in battle in 634. The first Anglian king in the historical record is Ida, who is said to have obtained the throne and the kingdom about 547. Edwin then became king. John Morris surmised that the line of a certain Morcant Bulc referred to these monarchs, chiefly because he identified this man as the murderer of Urien Rheged who was, at the time, besieging Lindisfarne.[5]. 990) 2. Aethelfrith, ruler of Bernicia (593–616), won control of Deira, thereby creating the kingdom of Northumbria. Following his father's death he reigned for nearly five years. Some of the Angles of Bernicia (Old English: Beornice) may have been employed as mercenaries along Hadrian's Wall during the late Roman period. of King Æthelred the Unready and Ælfgifu of … Some of the Angles of Bernicia (Old English: Beornice) may have been employed as mercenaries along Hadrian's Wall during the late Roman period. Aethelfrith’s son Oswald also ruled both kingdoms, but, following Oswald’s death in 641, his… From then on Eadwulf IV and his successors were either called High Reeve of Bamburgh, rulers of the northern Saxons, or their actual title as granted by King Alfred, Earl of either Bamburgh, or Bernicia, or Northumberland. 180–185, "The Historical Works of Simeon of Durham", "Ælla and the descendants of Ivar: politics and legend in the Viking Age", The History Files - Anglo-Saxon Britain - The Kings of Northumbria, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_monarchs_of_Northumbria&oldid=1015258371, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Sitric's existence is only evidenced by coins bearing his name which were minted at York. The name Adulf mcEtulfe can be taken to be Æthelwulf son of Eadwulf. - Kings of Bernicia; The Brythonic kingdom of the area was formed from what had once been the southern lands of the Votadini, possibly as part of the division of a supposed 'great northern realm' of Coel Hen in c. AD 420. Local linguistic evidence suggests continued political activity in the area before the arrival of the Angles. Imagine a world where man can become powerful, but they have competitors. Athelstan’s very credibility was now at stake. [6] The first Anglian king in the historical record is Ida, who is said to have obtained the throne and the kingdom about 547. [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamburgh ] After the decisive defeat of Northumbrian forces by the Viking Great Heathen Army, at York in 867, the united Kingdom of Northumbria disintegrated. The exceptions are during the brief period from 633 to 634, when Northumbria was plunged into chaos by the death of King Edwin in battle and the ruinous invasion of Cadwallon ap Cadfan of Gwynedd. Anglo-Saxon control, possibly under Eadwulf II, Anglo-Saxon control, possibly under Ealdred I, 1. Fatima ferch Branwen. Rheged emerged as the region's most powerful kingdom under its ruler King Urien of Rheged who won a number of victories over the Anglo-Saxon rulers of Bernicia in the second half of the sixth century. Aethelfrith of Bernicia and Northumbria 1 (- 617) It is also known as the Aethelferth of Bernicia and Northumbria 1 . List of monarchs of Northumbria § Kings of Bernicia, The Politics of Exile in Early Northumbria, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bernicia&oldid=1016485851, States and territories established in the 6th century, States and territories disestablished in the 7th century, Articles containing Old English (ca. 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