But it is still possible to read Flaubert’s text as an ironic commentary on Félicité’s life. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/simple-heart-study-guide-2207792. Preview — A Simple Heart by Gustave Flaubert. In its native French, it does not take a linguist to immediately recognize that “ Félicité ” … But I’m keeping him there, to fill my mind with the idea of parrothood.”, Some of these sources and motivations help to explain the themes of suffering and loss that are so prevalent in “A Simple Heart”. George Charpentier published it in 1877. Flaubert’s Inspirations: By his own account, Flaubert was inspired to write “A Simple Heart” by his friend and confidante, the novelist George Sand. She dies as a church procession is underway, and in her final moments envisions “a huge parrot hovering above her head as the heavens parted to receive her” (40). Félicité herself was based on the Flaubert family’s longtime maidservant Julie. A Simple Heart Introduction. The story centres around a servant girl named Felicité. Did you perceive the character of Félicité as admirable or ignorant, as hard to read or totally straightforward? Although Flaubert invites us to pity Félicité, he also tempts us to regard her attachments and her values as ill-advised, if not absurd. Though Félicité’s unappealing appearance can earn a reader’s pity, there is also a touch of dark humor to Flaubert’s description of how strangely Félicité has aged. However, during her fifty years with Madame Aubain, Félicité has proved herself to be an excellent housekeeper. Go to BN.com to get your copy of these helpful resources. He's an editor at GradeSaver.com and ILEX Publications. book. A Simple Heart. Flaubert’s simple heart by Anthony Daniels. Félicité Barette is a poor housemaid in 19th century France who lives in the town of Pont-l’Evêque works very hard loyally serving her mistress. Felicité's one and only love Théodore marries a wealthier woman to avoid conscription. Sign In. To a large extent, Flaubert’s brand of realism was based not on the subject matter, but on the use of minutely-rendered details, on an aura of historical accuracy, and on the psychological plausibility of his plots and characters. A Simple Heart by Gustave Flaubert. Those plots and characters could involve a simple servant, a renowned medieval saint, or aristocrats from ancient times. I want to move my readers to pity, I want to make sensitive souls weep, being one myself.” Félicité is indeed a loyal servant and a pious woman, and Flaubert keeps a chronicle of her responses to major losses and disappointments. When her nephew Victor is at sea, Félicité vividly imagines his adventures: “Prompted by her recollection of the pictures in the geography book, she imagined him being eaten by savages, captured by monkeys in a forest or dying on some deserted beach” (20). All of Madame Aubain's friends are jealous of her because Félicité is a really good servant. The central character, possessor of that simple heart, is Félicité, a servant. A Simple Heart is a classic novella by French writer Gustave Flaubert first published in his novella collection Three Tales in 1877. Available Kennedy, Patrick. Free kindle book and epub digitized and proofread by Project Gutenberg. A Simple Heart Summary. ""A Simple Heart" by Gustave Flaubert Study Guide." In Russia, the subjects of choice were perhaps more unusual: children, animals, and madmen were a few of the characters depicted by such writers as Gogol, Turgenev, and Tolstoy. Though a model servant, Félicité had to endure hardship and heartbreak early in life. ""A Simple Heart" by Gustave Flaubert Study Guide." But this heart-breaking tale of a simple servant woman and her life-long search for love meant something else to Flaubert. Félicité Barette Madame Aubain. Share. "A Simple Heart" was inspired by several events in Flaubert's own life: he also lived in a farmhouse in … She also became fond of her nephew Victor, a sailor whose travels “took him to Morlaix, to Dunkirk and to Brighton and after each trip, he brought back a present for Félicité” (18). But the years ahead are lonely; Madame Aubain dies, leaving Félicité a pension and (in effect) the Aubain house, since “nobody came to rent the house and nobody came to buy it” (37). Read Chapter IV - THE BIRD of A Simple Heart by Gustave Flaubert. View all In England, George Eliot depicted hardworking but far-from-heroic farmers and tradesmen in rural novels such as Adam Bede, Silas Marner, and Middlemarch; while Charles Dickens portrayed the downtrodden, impoverished residents of cities and industrial towns in the novels Bleak House and Hard Times. She hardly ever spoke, and her upright stance and deliberate movements gave her the appearance of a woman made out of wood, driven as if by clockwork” (4-5). You can view our. 2) Consider your initial reactions to “A Simple Heart” and to Félicité herself. characters. tags: despair. Early on, for instance, Félicité is described in the following terms: “Her face was thin and her voice was shrill. Félicité is born to working-class parents who die when she is a… read analysis of Félicité Barette A Simple Heart, also known as A Simple Soul is about Madame Aubain's servant, Felicite, a selfless girl who lives a simple, unexamined life. By Gustave Flaubert Top of Page | II | III | IV | V Chapter I: Félicité For half a century the housewives of Pont-l’Evęque had envied Madame Aubain her servant Félicité. The whole story is about Félicité Barette, who works for fifty years as Madame Aubain's maid. Undying loyalty in return for a lonely, impoverished death? Shortly before her death, she contributes the stuffed Loulou to a local church display. A Simple Heart Quotes Showing 1-6 of 6. “A Simple Heart” by Gustave Flaubert describes the life, the affections, and the fantasies of a diligent, kindhearted servant named Félicité. Flaubert would eventually write to Sand’s son, describing the role that Sand had played in the composition of “A Simple Heart”: “I had begun “A Simple Heart” with her in mind and exclusively to please her. “A Simple Heart” itself was published in the collection Three Tales, and Flaubert’s other two tales are very different: “The Legend of St. Julien the Hospitaller”, which abounds in grotesque description and tells a story of adventure, tragedy, and redemption; and “Herodias”, which turns a lush Middle Eastern setting into a theater for grand religious debates. Flaubert’s simple heart by Anthony Daniels. A Simple Heart is a literary piece which can be interpreted by the reader in an ironic or metaphorical manner. Leaving the farm where she works, Felicité travels to Pont-l'Évèque and becomes the servant of a widow. First he introduces “it’s economy” with words, next he presents the “objectivity of his narrative style,” and finally the “story’s structure of repeating the same pattern over and over “(710). At twenty-five, people took her to be as old as forty. Despite the fact she is uneducated, has no family, no life outside her work aside from her faith, and dies almost unnoticed by anyone, Felicité's simple existence is full of deep spiritual meaning. In her teenage years, Félicité also struck up a romance with a “fairly well off” young man named Théodore—only to find herself in agony when Théodore abandoned her for an older, wealthier woman (5-7). And in order to master the character of Loulou, Flaubert installed a stuffed parrot on his writing desk. But he had the tiresome tricks of biting his perch, pulling his feathers out, scattering refuse and spilling the water of his bath. This detailed story opens with an overview of Félicité’s working life—most of which has been spent serving a middle-class widow named Madame Aubain, “who, it must be said, was not the easiest of people to get on with” (3). How do you think Flaubert wants us to react to this character—and what do you think Flaubert himself thought of Félicité? Well, you would if you were dealing with Félicité, the protagonist of Gustave Flaubert's 1877 story "A Simple Heart." Painting by Rosalie Chichester, 'Polly' the Parrot, 1906. She sold all her pro… June 2010 June 2010. For a hundred francs a year, she cooked and…Read more A Simple Heart › Patrick Kennedy is a freelance writer and teacher who covers some of the world's most classic literature in translation. Felicité's one and only love Théodore marries a wealthier woman to avoid conscription. In the meantime, Flaubert had run up against financial difficulties, had watched as Julie was reduced to blind old age, and had lost George Sand (who died in 1875). A Simple Heart is a classic novella by French writer Gustave Flaubert first published in his novella collection Three Tales in 1877. For half a century the housewives of Pont-l’Eveque had envied Madame Aubain her servant Felicite. ThoughtCo, Aug. 27, 2020, thoughtco.com/simple-heart-study-guide-2207792. Félicité formed a series of deep attachments during her fifty years of service. (2020, August 27). 4) What role do references to travel and adventure play in “A Simple Heart”? By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. Flaubert_A Simple Heart.pdf. Is the Wife of Bath a Feminist Character? Félicité starts to go deaf and suffers from “imaginary buzzing noises in her head” as she grows older, yet the parrot is a great comfort—“almost a son to her; she simply doted on him” (31). "A Simple Heart" by Gustave Flaubert Study Guide. You've got yourself a deal! Flaubert was the successor of two French novelists—Stendhal and Balzac—who excelled at portraying middle- and upper-middle-class characters in an unadorned, brutally honest manner. ThoughtCo. For a hundred francs a year, she cooked and did the housework, washed, ironed, mended, harnessed the horse, fattened the poultry, made the butter and remained faithful to her mistress—although the latter was by no means an agreeable person. "A Simple Heart" is a short story by Gustave Flaubert that appeared in his book Three Tales. Is the story meant to be read as a tragedy, as a statement of the way life really is, or as something else completely? Gustave Flaubert’s “A simple heart” is not a story which contains any substantial climatic event. Kennedy, Patrick. Travel, Adventure, Imagination: Even though Félicité never travels too far, and even though Félicité’s knowledge of geography is extremely limited, images of travel and references to exotic locations figure prominently in “A Simple Heart”. After her fiftieth birthday, it became impossible to say what age she was at all. A Simple Heart and Other Stories literature essays are academic essays for citation. Soon after this, Félicité was hired to look after Madame Aubain and the two young Aubain children, Paul and Virginie. When Loulou dies, Félicité sends him to a taxidermist and is delighted with the “quite magnificent” results (33). Realism in the 19th Century: Flaubert was not the only major 19th-century author to focus on simple, commonplace, and often powerless characters. Flaubert also gives an earthy, comic aura to one of the great objects of Félicité’s devotion and admiration, the parrot Loulou: “Unfortunately, he had the tiresome habit of chewing his perch and he kept plucking out his feathers, scattering his droppings everywhere and splashing the water from his bath” (29). ― Gustave Flaubert, A Simple Heart. A Simple Heart Quotes. Can you find any paragraphs or passages that are excellent specimens of a “realist” way of writing? Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. The tale, simple on the surface, has deep messages for the reader … She died when I was in the middle of my work.” For Flaubert, the untimely loss of Sand had a larger message of melancholy: “So is it with all our dreams.”. https://www.thoughtco.com/simple-heart-study-guide-2207792 (accessed April 18, 2021). Gustave Flaubert wrote this short story under encouragement from his good friend and author George Sand. Félicité is a highly moral, hard-working, and virtuous woman. There she lives out her life in humble, angelic, and deeply loyal servitude. A Simple Heart. The protagonist of “A Simple Heart,” a poor housemaid living in 19th century France. A Simple Heart “A Simple Heart,” the life story of the good-hearted servant Félicité, draws its material from Flaubert’s own life. surroundings acceptance sadness home #2 “Her father, a mason, had died in a fall from some scaffolding. Study Guides. All page numbers refer to Roger Whitehouse's translation of Gustave Flaubert's Three Tales, which contains the full text of "A Simple Heart" (introduction and notes by Geoffrey Wall; Penguin Books, 2005). "A Simple Heart" by Gustave Flaubert Study Guide Background and Contexts. The text begins: He was called Loulou. Throughout the story chronicling her life, she suffers a series of heartbreaking losses, but continues to love unconditionally nonetheless. Gustave Flaubert "A Simple Heart" Gustave Flaubert’s short story, A Simple Heart, is the narrative account of one woman’s painfully unrewarding life as a humble and blindly dedicated servant, Felicite. Consider a few specific passages and what they say about the life Félicité leads. Kennedy, Patrick. Flaubert_A Simple Heart.pdf. “Having no intercourse with anyone, she lived in the torpid state of a sleep-walker.”. In his simple but heart-wrenching short story A Simple Heart, Gustave Flaubert portrays a simple woman, with a big heart devoted to the service of her mistress for the majority of her life. The story inspired Julian Barnes' novel Flaubert's Parrot, published in 1984. 20 of the best book quotes from A Simple Heart #1 ... Gustave Flaubert. As the third-person narrator of “A Simple Heart” states: “No one could have been more persistent when it came to haggling over prices and, as for cleanliness, the spotless state of her saucepans was the despair of all the other serving maids” (4). Madame Aubain is Félicité’s employer, whose husband has passed away and left her with a great deal of debt. Félicité is clearly intrigued by the world beyond the Aubains’ social circle, yet she is incapable of venturing out into it. Even though everyday, contemporary settings were a key element of the 19th-century realist novel, there were major realist works—including several of Flaubert’s—that depicted exotic locations and strange events. The story follows the kind and loving maidservant Félicité from her youth to her death and details the many loves that she loses along the way. The years pass, “one very much like another, marked only by the annual recurrence of the church festivals,” until Félicité finds a new outlet for her “natural kind-heartedness” (26-28). Gustave Flaubert wrote "A Simple Heart" near the end of his life and the short story provides some interesting parallels between the life of Flaubert, one of the greatest writers of the nineteenth century, and a simple, uneducated servant named Félicité. Instead it entails the entire life of Félicité in only five sections and arguably embodies a realistic biography, although fiction. His body was green, his head blue, the tips of his wings were pink and his breast was golden. Un coeur simple by Gustave Flaubert, 1996, New Directions Bibelot edition, in English The story centres around a servant girl named Felicité. A visiting noblewoman gives Madame Aubain a parrot—a noisy, stubborn parrot named Loulou—and Félicité wholeheartedly begins looking after the bird. As she grows older, Félicité becomes fascinated with Loulou the parrot—who “came from America”—and decorates her room so that it resembles “something halfway between a chapel and a bazaar” (28, 34). Are these references meant to show how little Félicité really knows about the world, or do they lend her existence a special air of excitement and dignity? Flaubert’s Inspirations: By his own account, Flaubert was inspired to write “A Simple Heart” by... Key Topics. Gustave Flaubert’s A Simple Heart, published in 1877 as part of a collection ‘Three Tales’, and currently re-issued as a stand-alone, part of Penguin’s ‘Little Black Classics’, must have been quite revolutionary in its subject, at the time. In the case of Flaubert’s “A Simple Heart,” the protagonist’s name is not obscure. Gustave Flaubert’s 1877 short story A Simple Heart contains a layer of meaning beyond the realist storyline that can be interpreted as an ironic treatment of the protagonist’s religion and social order. Flaubert wrote them in a spontaneous burst of activity between September, 1875, and February, 1877, as if he were capping his career with a demonstration piece of his various styles. Some of the themes of the novella include the consolations of the church and of domestic life, the richness of memory and the repercussions of daily events on the psyche. The only information we get about Félicité's early life is that she had her heart broken by a guy named Théodore, who ran off and married a rich woman to avoid the military draft, leaving her high and dry. Félicité’s health deteriorates, though she still keeps informed about religious ceremonies. However, the suggestion that Flaubert’s intent is to portray the life of a simple, pious and powerless woman who spends her life in servitude, maybe more accurate, especially as she's based on his own family's maid. Goodness knows why, but my wife (who is Parisian) likes me to read to her in French. She lost her parents at a young age and had a few brutal employers before she met Madame Aubain. Features June 2010. A Simple Heart is a heartrending sincere story of a maid, Félicité Barette, and her kind-hearted and forthright life, even when faced with abuse, poverty, loss and loneliness. Written near the end of his life, the work was meant to be a tribute to George Sand—who died before it was finished—and was written in answer to an argument the two were having over the importance of realism. Can you find any places where Flaubert departs from traditional realism? Yet Victor dies of yellow fever during a voyage to Cuba, and the sensitive and sickly Virginie also dies young. A Simple Heart Summary. Even trips that take her slightly outside her familiar settings—her efforts to see Victor off on his voyage (18-19), her journey to Honfleur (32-33)—unnerve her considerably. It was published in Flaubert's story collection, Three Tales in 1877, which also features his novella, The Legend of Saint Julian the Hospitaller. Biography of Louisa May Alcott, American Writer, Flash Fiction From Baudelaire to Lydia Davis, 7 Young Adult Novels That Encourage Discussions on Racism, The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (1831) by Victor Hugo, Characters' Thoughts and Motivations in Psychological Realism, M.F.A., Writing Seminars, Johns Hopkins University, M.A., English Language and Literature, McGill University, B.A., English and Writing Seminars, Johns Hopkins University. She dedicates her life to her mistress, who treats her pretty badly, but she keeps going mostly through dedication to her dead pet parrot. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis … Sand had urged Flaubert to abandon his typically harsh and satiric treatment of his characters for a more compassionate way of writing about suffering, and the story of Félicité is apparently the result of this effort. Madame Aubain grew tired of him and gave him to Félicité for good. As he noted during the composition of “A Simple Heart”, the sight of the taxidermy parrot “is beginning to annoy me. In the story “A Simple Heart” written by Gustave Flaubert he introduces three main elements in his story as techniques. The story was begun around 1875 and appeared in book form in 1877. She became devoted to Virginie, and closely followed Virginie’s church activities: “She copied the religious observances of Virginie, fasting when she fasted and going to confession whenever she did” (15). concepts. 3) Félicité loses many of the people who are closest to her, from Victor to Virginie to Madame Aubain. Madame Aubain had married a comely youth without any money, who died in the beginning of 1809, leaving her with two young children and a number of debts. Why is the theme of loss so prevalent in “A Simple Heart”? 1) How closely does “A Simple Heart” follow the principles of 19th-century realism? Leaving the farm where she works, Felicité travels to Pont-l'Évèque and becomes the servant of a widow. This Study Guide consists of approximately 55 pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more - everything you need to sharpen your knowledge of A Simple Heart. Flaubert’s Depiction of Félicité: By his own account, Flaubert designed “A Simple Heart” as “quite simply the tale of the obscure life of a poor country girl, devout but not given to mysticism” and took a thoroughly straightforward approach to his material: “It is in no way ironic (though you might suppose it to be so) but on the contrary very serious and very sad. 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