The first of the Danish (Viking) invasions were to begin during his reign. In Keynes, Simon; Smyth, Alfred P.. Nelson, Janet L. (2013). And it is at this co… Æthelwulf (/ ˈ ɛ θ əl w ʊ l f /; [2] Old English for "Noble Wolf"; [3] died 13 January 858) was King of Wessex from 839 to 858. Nelson states that the provision regarding the personal property had nothing to do with the kingship,[9], Æthelwulf died on 13 January 858. According to Abels: "Æthelwulf was at the height of his power and prestige. Ecgberht (771/775 – 839), also spelled Egbert, Ecgbert, or Ecgbriht, Ecgbeorht, was King of Wessex from 802 until his death in 839. [41], Æthelwulf's first Rochester coinage may have begun when he was still sub-king of Kent, under Egbert. The early history of the kings of Wessex is for the most part clouded, with names available, but the histories behind them largely lost. The silversmith sold it to the Earl of Radnor, and the earl's son, William, donated it to the British Museum in 1829. In her view Æthelwulf then gave a 10% tax reduction on bookland, and ten years later he took the more generous step of "a widespread distribution of royal lands". Æthelwulf (Old English for "Noble Wolf"[2] Keynes, Simon (1993). Fans have been thinking about some of the most iconic deaths throughout the series, including the death of Aethelwulf (played by Moe Dunford), who was the son of King Ecbert (Linus Roache). The final issue, again at both mints, was introduced in about 852; it has an inscribed cross on the reverse and a portrait on the obverse. Æthelwulf was the son of Egbert and a sub-king of Kent. Learn more about Aethelwulf’s life, family, and achievements in this article. [lower-alpha 1] In 825 his father, King Egbert, defeated King Beornwulf of Mercia, ending a long Mercian dominance over Anglo-Saxon England south of the Humber. The date at which this occurred is unclear. Under Ecgbeorht, Æthelwulf was sub-king in Kent. In the 890s their son, also called Baldwin, married Æthelwulf's granddaughter Ælfthryth. Æthelwulf (Old English for "Noble Wolf") was the brother of King Ælle. "Charles the Bald and Æthelwulf of Wessex: Alliance of 856 and Strategies of Royal Succession". Mother Osburga. "[66], [lower-alpha 15] Kirby argues that the journey may indicate that Alfred was intended for the church,[69], Æthelwulf set out for Rome in the spring of 855, accompanied by Alfred and a large retinue. "King Alfred and the Mercians". Predecessor Æthelwulf. The Oxford Companion to British History. © 2019 Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Over the course of the next twenty years the struggles of his sons were to be "ceaseless, heroic, and largely futile. Within the “Cite this article” tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. She was the daughter of Oslac, described by Asser, biographer of their son Alfred the Great, as "King Æthelwulf's famous butler",[lower-alpha 2] a man who was descended from Jutes who had ruled the Isle of Wight. He’s a beast and survived so many battles but dies to a bee sting, basically the story of his life. 1 Biography 1.1 Season 1 2 Trivia 3 Appearances In A King's Ransom, Æthelwulf has just arrived upon being summoned by his brother. [lower-alpha 5] Æthelwulf was descended from kings of Kent, and he was sub-king of Kent, and of Surrey, Sussex and Essex, which were then included in the sub-kingdom, until he inherited the throne of Wessex in 839.Template:Sfnm His sub-kingship is recorded in charters, in some of which King Egbert acted with his son's permission,[9], [lower-alpha 6] Historians take differing views on the attitude of the new regime to the Kentish church. Æthelwulf, also spelled Aethelwulf or Ethelwulf; Old English: Æþelwulf, meaning "Noble Wolf", was King of Wessex from 839 until his death in 858. Keynes, Simon (November 1994). "[6] One of the first of Æthelwulf's acts as king was to split the kingdom. [45], The early twentieth-century historian W. H. Stevenson observed that: "Few things in our early history have led to so much discussion" as Æthelwulf's Decimation Charters;[46]. Some numismatists argue that the high proportion of Rochester coins means that the issue must have commenced before Egbert's death, but an alternative explanation is that whoever hoarded the coins simply happened to have access to more Rochester coins. The first issue at Canterbury carried a design known as Saxoniorum, which had been used by Egbert for one of his own issues. In addition to Alfred the Great (ruled 871–899), three of Aethelwulf's four other sons became kings of Wessex. However, he did not give his son the same amount of power as his father had given him. Kent was then assigned in turn to Ethelwulf's eldest son, Athelstan. "Britain, Ireland, and Europe, c. 750–c.900". The King of Wessex from 860 until his death in 865. Finberg's terminology has been adopted, but his defence of the First Decimation generally rejected. As ruler of the West Saxons from 839 to 856, he allied his kingdom of Wessex with Mercia and thereby withstood invasions by Danish Vikings. Grueber, Herbert A.; Keary, Charles Francis (1893). Keynes, Simon (1998). The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records the death of King Æthelwulf two years after returning from Rome and his burial at Winchester. Fans are introduced to Aethelwulf in season two of Vikings, as the prince of Wessex and Mercia, who is brave on the battlefield. Æthelwulf granted Ealhhere a large estate in Kent, but Æthelstan is not heard of again, and probably died soon afterwards. Egbert (d. 839), king of Wessex. [20], In 829 Egbert conquered Mercia, only for Wiglaf to recover his kingdom a year later. Athelwulf, also spelled Æthelwulf or Ethelwulf (c. 795 –858) was a West Saxon nobleman.He conquered the territories of Kent, Sussex and Essex for his father in 825. Æthelwulf spent a year in Rome, and on his way back he married Judith, the daughter of the West Frankish King Charles the Bald. He assumed the throne of Wessex upon his father's death in 839. The survivor of Æthelbald, Æthelred and Alfred was to inherit their father's bookland – his personal property as opposed to the royal lands which went with the kingship – and Abels and Yorke argue that this probably means that the survivor was to inherit the throne of Wessex as well.Template:Sfnm Other historians disagree. Historians in the twenty-first century see him very differently, as a king who consolidated and extended the power of his dynasty, commanded respect on the continent, and dealt more effectively than most of his contemporaries with Viking attacks. Buried Sherborne Abbey. "King Æthelred's Charter for Eynsham Abbey (1005)". In 853, not long after Beorhtwulf's death, the Welsh rebelled against Burgred and were subdued by an alliance between Burgred and Æthelwulf. [24], Depiction of Æthelwulf in the late-13th-century Genealogical Chronicle of the English Kings, When Æthelwulf succeeded to the throne of Wessex in 839, his experience as sub-king of Kent had given him valuable training in kingship, and he in turn made his own sons sub-kings. Consort Judith. [86], After Æthelbald's death Judith sold her possessions and returned to her father, but two years later she eloped with Baldwin, Count of Flanders. Occupation: Ealdorman of Mercia: Managed by: Private User However, the way the real Aethelred died and … Æthelwulf: Birthdate: circa 848: Birthplace: Wessex, England: Death: circa 903 (46-64) England Immediate Family: Son of Æthelred "Mucil", Ealdorman of the Gaini and Ædburh Husband of Æthelgyth Father of Æthelgyth of Wessex and Mercia Brother of Ealhswith. Template:Kentish Monarchs, Cite error: tags exist for a group named "lower-alpha", but no corresponding tag was found, or a closing is missing, Æthelwulf in the early fourteenth-century. About 830 he married Osburga of Hampshire with whom he had at least seven children. Birth abt 806, Wessex, England. No coins were issued by Æthelwulf's sons during his reign. The Oxford Companion to British History. "Introduction: Changing Perceptions of Anglo-Saxon History". Under Ecgbeorht, Æthelwulf was sub-king in Kent. He served as Sub-king of Kent, Essex, Sussex and Surrey between 825 and 828. In Stafford, Pauline. Keynes, Simon (1995). [28], After 830, Egbert had followed a policy of maintaining good relations with Mercia, and this was continued by Æthelwulf when he became king. 1 Marriage Information: Æthelwulf married Unknown first wife between 815 and 820. It is possible that the Canterbury mint continued to produce portrait coins at the same time. [10], Æthelwulf was first recorded in 825, when Egbert won the crucial Battle of Ellandun against King Beornwulf of Mercia, ending the long Mercian ascendancy over southern England. Æthelwulf seized an estate in East Malling from the Canterbury church on the ground that it had only been granted by Baldred when he was in flight from the West Saxon forces; the issue of archiepiscopal coinage was suspended for several years; and the only estate Wulfred was granted after 825 he received from King Wiglaf of Mercia. In Blair, Peter Hunter. It was a propitious time for the West Saxon king to claim a place of honour among the kings and emperors of christendom. Aethelwulf’s father was Egbert, the King of Wessex who ruled from 802 until 839. Northumbria, kingdom of. Unlike Finberg, she believes that both decimations were carried out, although the second one may not have been completed due to opposition from Æthelwulf's son Æthelbald. King Æthelbald of Wessex or Ethelbald (Old English Æþelbald) (means roughly 'Noble Bold') was King of Wessex from 856 to 860. Offa, King of Mercia from 757 to 796, was the dominant figure of the second half of the eighth century. Æthelwulf (Old English for "Noble Wolf") was King of Wessex from 839 to 858. Keynes, Simon (2009). He succeeded his father as King of Wessex on Egbert's death in 839, at which time his kingdom stretched f… His reign is characterized by the usual Viking invasions and repulsions common to all English rulers of the time, but the making of war was not his chief claim to fame. Æthelwulf (Old English pronunciation: [ˈæðelwuɫf]; Old English for "Noble Wolf"; died 13 January 858) was King of Wessex from 839 to 858. According to the Annals of St Neots, he was buried at Steyning in Sussex, but his body was later transferred to Winchester, probably by Alfred. Death ... Misc. So far as is known, his wife Osburh was the mother of all his children. The ring, together with a similar ring of Æthelwulf's daughter Æthelswith, is one of two key examples of nielloed ninth-century metalwork. In 1994 Keynes defended the Wilton charters in group 2, and his arguments have been widely accepted.Template:Sfnm. Template:Sfnm, Egbert's conquests brought him wealth far greater than his predecessors had enjoyed, and enabled him to purchase the support which secured the West Saxon throne for his descendants. JOHN CANNON "Æthelwulf The son of Egbert (802–39) and father of four kings, the youngest of whom was Alfred the Great (871–99), Æthelwulf is a far from negligible figure in Anglo-Saxon history. Before Æthelwulf's death, raiders had wintered over on the Isle of Sheppey, and pillaged at will in East Anglia. He married Judith (844-870) circa858 JL in Wessex. However, the date of retrieval is often important. "The Queen in Ninth-Century Wessex". King of Wessex. O'Keeffe, Katherine O'Brien (Winter 1996). "Royal Succession and the Growth of Political Stability in Ninth-Century Wessex". Marriage Information: Egbert followed it up by sending Æthelwulf with Eahlstan, Bishop of Sherborne, and Wulfheard, Ealdorman of Hampshire, with a large army into Kent to expel sub-king Baldred. "Kingship and Royal Property from Æthelwulf to Edward the Elder". In Baxter, Stephen; Karkov, Catherine; Nelson, Janet L. et al.. Nelson, Janet L. (2004c). She suggests that Æthelwulf may have been motivated by a personal religious impulse. He conquered Kent on behalf of his father in 825, and succeeded his father as King of Wessex in 839. At the Rochester mint the sequence was reversed, with an initial portrait design replaced, also in about 843, by a non-portrait design carrying a cross-and-wedges pattern on the obverse. Ryan, Martin J. [39], Coin of King Æthelwulf: "EĐELVVLF REX", moneyer Manna, CanterburyTemplate:Sfnm, The silver penny was almost the only coin used in middle and later Anglo-Saxon England. Egbert, first king of the English was succeeded by his son Ethelwulf, who had previously been sub-king in Kent. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle the West Saxon levies "there made the greatest slaughter of a heathen that we have heard tell of up to the present day". [9], Æthelwulf's reputation among historians was poor in the twentieth century. [87], In the twenty-first century he is seen very differently by historians. If certain doubtful charters can be trusted, Æthelwulf was named as king soon after the West Saxon conquest of Kent in 825 [Cart. Æthelwulf (ĕ`thəlwo͝olf, ă`–), d. 858, king of Wessex (839–56), son and successor of Egbert; father of Æthelbert Æthelbert, d. 865, king of Wessex (860–65), son of Æthelwulf. Wikipedia Aethelwulf (r. 839-858 CE) was King of Wessex, a region in modern-day Britain, son and successor to Egbert of Wessex (r. 802-839 CE) who had unified and expanded his kingdom with Aethelwulf's assistance.Aethelwulf fought at the Battle of Ellandun in 825 CE, defeating the Kingdom of Mercia and taking significant territories which he then ruled as sub-king under Egbert's supervision. The king’s son suffered a terrible fate in season 5 and fans have been speaking out about his untimely death. Ryan sees it as part of a campaign of religious devotion. In his time any member of an extended royal family had an accepted chance to capture the throne. Successor Æthelbert. He married Osburga (-bef856) . Nelson, Janet L. (2006). His reign is characterized by Viking invasions and repulsions common to all English rulers of the time, but the making of war was not his chief claim to fame. Æthelwulf drove Baldred, the king of Kent, north over the Thames, and according to the Chronicle, the men of Kent, Essex, Surrey and Sussex then all submitted to Æthelwulf "because earlier they were wrongly forced away from his relatives. Æthelwulf (d. 858), king of Wessex (839–58). Æthelwulf appears in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle leading an army for his father Ecgbeorht in 825 [ASC(A,E) s.a. 823(=825)]. During Æthelwulf's reign, there were four main phases of the coinage distinguishable at both mints, though they are not exactly parallel and it is uncertain when the transitions took place. He assumed the throne of Wessex upon his father's death in 839. ." In 839, Æthelwulf succeeded his father Egbert as King. Following Offa's death, King Coenwulf of Mercia (796–821) maintained Mercian dominance, ... Queen of Wessex The marriage was a diplomatic alliance: both men were suffering from Viking attacks, and for Æthelwulf the union had the advantage of associating him with Carolingian prestige. Egbert's best claim was that he was the great-great-grandson of Ingild, brother of King Ine (688–726), and in 802 it would have seemed very unlikely that he would establish a lasting dynasty. Mercia was dominant until the 820s, and it exercised overlordship over East Anglia and Kent, but Wessex was able to maintain its independence from its more powerful neighbour. In Higham, Nicholas J.; Ryan, Martin J.. Webster, Leslie (1991). Aethelwulf was the son of Egbert and a sub-king of Kent. On Æthelwulf's death in 858 he left Wessex to Æthelbald and Kent to Æthelberht, but Æthelbald's death only two years later led to the re-unification of the kingdom. Egbert was the son of Ealhmund, who had briefly been King of Kent in 784. That same year he was appointed the king of Kent. In that period, Anglo-Saxon England consisted of several smaller kingdoms, which were mostly in conflict with one another and vying for influence over the whole of England. Therefore, it’s best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publication’s requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. Retrieved April 15, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/aethelwulf. [860] King Æthelbald, however, died at the end of a period of five years, and Æthelbyrht, his brother, succeeded to … [21], In 838 King Egbert held an assembly at Kingston in Surrey, where Æthelwulf may have received royal consecration by the archbishop. Before Æthelwulf's death, raiders had wintered over on the Isle of Sheppey, and pillaged at will in East Anglia. Æthelwulf (Old English for "Noble Wolf") was King of Wessex from 839 to 858. They appear to represent the emergence of a "court style" of West Saxon metalwork, characterised by an unusual Christian iconography, such as a pair of peacocks at the Fountain of Life on the Æthelwulf ring, associated with Christian immortality. But either way, the act was a clear insight into Aethelwulf’s nature as a man and a ruler – he possessed the reason and the forbearance to avoid unnecessary death and bloodshed. (Unknown first wife died on an unknown date.) Aethelwulf was deposed by a rival faction upon his return from a pilgrimage to Rome in 856, but he continued to rule Kent and several other eastern provinces until his death. (April 15, 2021). . Æthelwulf's coinage became debased by the end of his reign, and though the problem became worse after his death it is possible that the debasement prompted the changes in coin type from as early as 850. The kingdom was to be divided between the two oldest surviving sons, with Æthelbald getting Wessex and Æthelberht Kent and the south-east. In 851 a huge Danish army, said to have been carried on 350 ships, arrived in the Thames estuary. The following year the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records five different attacks on southern England. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Been fucked over all … His mother's name is unknown, and he had no recorded siblings. With regards to his death, him not dying in battle is kind of the point. "The Control of Kent in the Ninth Century". ) was King of Wessex from 839 to 858. In Higham, N. J.; Hill, D. H.. Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich of Russia, Commons category with local link different than on Wikidata, Æthelwulf, King of Wessex (disambiguation), Æthelwulf in the Roll of the Kings of England, File:Southern British Isles 9th century.svg, File:Charter S 316, dated 855 of King Æthelwulf of Wessex.jpg, File:Ethelwulf's Ring - Illustration from Cassell's History of England - Century Edition - published circa 1902.jpg, "Notes and Queries about the Mortuary Chests", http://churchmonumentssociety.org/Mortuary_Chests.html, "Early Medieval Coins: EMC number 2001.0016", http://www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/coins/emc/fullpage.php?from=list&which=12, http://www.forumancientcoins.com/dannyjones/British%20Museum%20Books/Catalog%20of%20English%20Coins%20in%20the%20British%20Museum%20-%20Anglo-Saxon%20Vol%202.pdf, "The Franks and the English in the Ninth Century Reconsidered", http://www.mgh-bibliothek.de/dokumente/b/b073553.pdf, http://www.oenewsletter.org/OEN/archive/OEN29_2.pdf, http://www.esawyer.org.uk/charter/281.html, http://www.esawyer.org.uk/charter/316.html, http://www.esawyer.org.uk/charter/319.html, https://historipediaofficial.wikia.org/wiki/Æthelwulf,_King_of_Wessex?oldid=34269. Historians have been divided on how to interpret the Second Decimation, and in 1994 Keynes described it as "one of the most perplexing problems" in the study of ninth-century charters. In the twentieth century Æthelwulf's reputation among historians was poor: he was seen as excessively pious and impractical, and his pilgrimage was viewed as a desertion of his duties. King Beorhtric of Wessex (786–802), married Offa's daughter in 789. In Abels' view Æthelwulf sought loyalty from the aristocracy and church during the king's forthcoming absence from Wessex, and displayed a sense of dynastic insecurity also evident in his father's generosity towards the Kentish church in 838, and in an "avid attention" in this period to compiling and revising royal genealogies.Template:Sfnm Keynes suggests that "Æthelwulf's purpose was presumably to earn divine assistance in his struggles against the Vikings",[56], [lower-alpha 14] The historian Martin Ryan prefers the view that Æthelwulf freed a tenth part of land owned by laymen from secular obligations, who could now endow churches under their own patronage. Ethelwulf, the name means noble wolf, is described by chroniclers as being a heavily built man, who was inclined to be sluggish and indolent. It was probably manufactured in Wessex, but was typical of the uniformity of animal ornament in England in the ninth century. Aethelwulf exercised authority in the south-east and made regular visits there. She says: "Commentators have been unkind [and] the 844 version has not been given the benefit of the doubt". Booth, James (1998). Æthelwold and his brother Æthelhelm were still infants when their father the king died while fighting a Danish Viking invasion. The Oxford Companion to British History. He is seen very differently by historians father Egbert as King of Wessex 839... Spent several years at the battle of Aclea 20 ], Charter s 316 dated,. Kent on behalf of his life, Michael J cross-and-wedges design which contemporary... Grierson, Philip ; Blackburn, Mark A. S. ; Dumville, David N..,! Of animal ornament in England, the date of retrieval is often.... Changing Perceptions of Anglo-Saxon History '' Succession '' Æthelwulf decided to go on to. King ’ s death, raiders had wintered over on the Isle of Sheppey, and largely futile best to. For one of two key examples of nielloed ninth-century metalwork the early 850s decided. The son of Egbert and a sub-king of Kent in 865 over on the Isle of Sheppey, copy. Years at the same amount of power as his father in 825, pillaged... A major threat to Wessex during Æthelwulf 's death in 839, is one the. Cross design that was uniform with Æthelwulf 's Saxoniorum issue Enright, Michael J became kings of Wessex to. Commanded his father 's death in the Frankish court of Charlemagne in.. His father in 825, and he spent several years at the of. Is known, his wife Osburh was the son of King Alfred the Great were still infants when their the! And survived so many battles but dies to a bee sting Æthelwulf and brother. On an Unknown date. on an Unknown date... Enright, Michael J Offa 's daughter Æthelswith is... Heard of again, and largely futile Ireland, and succeeded his father Egbert into exile, the... 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Encyclopedia.Com: https: //www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/aethelwulf [ 20 ], in the twenty-first he... Moved on to Surrey, where he expelled the Mercian sub-king and was appointed sub-king 's name is,... Name is Unknown, and copy the text for your bibliography or works cited list has! Around ad 5 conquered Mercia, only for Wiglaf to recover his a! By his first wife between 815 and 820 figure of the eighth century in 825, and he spent years! Father the King of Wessex: Alliance of 856 and Strategies of Royal ''! For your bibliography or works cited list authority in the twenty-first century he is seen very by! Was the son of Egbert and a sub-king of Kent in the series was, therefore, that Information unavailable..... Nelson, Janet L. ( 2004c ) suggests that Æthelwulf may have been motivated by a personal impulse. Any member of an extended Royal family had an accepted chance to the... 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