Esperanto features the use of words and wordroots common in European languages, but with a regular grammar and phonetic spellings. YIddIsh studIes Gennady estraikh, New York University, and Mikhail Krutikov, University of Michigan 1. A Lithuanian Jew, Zamenhof grew up under Russian occupation and amid the tensions between Jews, Catholic Poles, Orthodox Russians, and Protestant Germans. 1881 March 13th: Tsar Alexanders II is assassinated and the situation in Russia becomes destablised. To ... and I compiled a grammar of the so-called ‘Jargon’—the first Yiddish Grammar, I believe, that ever was written. Zamenhof at his desk in Warsaw apartment, 1910. 9–36. German was the language that the Jews of the Enlightenment preferred to learn, and French was the international prestige language. In 1879, Zamenhof writes the first grammar of the Yiddish language, which he published in part years later in the Yiddish magazine Lebn un visnshaft.The complete original Russian text of this manuscript with parallel Esperanto translation was only published in 1982 (translated by Adolf Holzhaus in L. Zamenhof, provo de gramatiko de novjuda lingvo, Helsinki, p. 9-36). Bialystok contained three major groups: Poles, Belorussians, and Yiddish-speaking Jews. Zamenhof was born in 1859 in the town of Białystok, Poland. By the 18th century, Yiddish was the language of nearly all the Jews of Europe, except for Sefardim (who lived mainly in Mediterranean lands). 1884), and settled in Warsaw as an oculist. Zamenhof, author Of a Yiddish grammar, had propo— the Latinization Of Yiddish writing in Some sensational pieces signed "Dr X," published in 1909 and 1910 in the popular scientific journal Leþn which appeared in Vilna. It proposed a Romanized version based on . Yiddish and Russian were his domestic languages. At the age of seventeen he began three years of intense research, which resulted in the completion in 1879 of the first scholarly and comprehensive Yiddish grammar. In 1879 Zamenhof wrote the first grammar of Yiddish. And yet Esperanto quickly became an international phenomenon for an unintended audience. Zamenhof's dedication to his avocation led him to write texts, dictionaries and translations of great literature while trying to raise a family as an ophthalmologist in a poor neighborhood. His linguistic efforts extended to Yiddish. For Zamenhof this language, far from being merely a communication tool, was a way of promoting the peaceful coexistence of different people and cultures. L. Zamenhof#Work on Yiddish language and Jewish issues, the first Yiddish grammar, published only partially. His first languages were Russian and Yiddish --- not Polish. Work on Yiddish language and Jewish issues. It is surely a remarkable success to which Dr. Zamenhof has attained. More research about him and his ideas has been conducted in this language by Esperantists, so Esperanto is itself an indispensable tool in the study of Zamenhof. He learned German and French from his father. 5, 1976). Rozalia Zamenhof, housewife and mother of Ludoviko, would speak to her son in Yiddish. He dreamed of becoming a Russian writer, and to that end wrote a five-act tragedy, as well as several verses. Zamenhof continued to write dictionaries, texts and translations in Esperanto, including the Old Testament. Abstract. He wrote one of the earliest grammars of Yiddish, but later believed that this language would never be taken seriously and always be seen as a kind of “broken German”. In 1879 he wrote a Yiddish grammar published in part in the magazine Lebn un visnshaft (Vilna, 1909) followed in 1887 by his book “Lingvo internacia” under the psuedonym Dr. Esperanto, which became the name of the language he invented. An interesting, though succinct, description of such forms can be found in the Yiddish grammar by L. Zamenhof (Л. З., Опытъ грамматики…, p 51‒53). In 1879 he wrote the first grammar of the Yiddish language, later translating it into Russia and Esperanto. But after completing it, I came to the conclusion that there is no real future for Yiddish, and so my Grammar still remains in manuscript. Konferenco, Varsovio, Polin, 13-15/12/2017 Zamenhof as a linguist and a man of letter Ewa Geller (University of Warsaw): “L.L. (At least, it didn't before 1941.) He probably had familiarity with Hebrew because it was used in the synagogue. He spent more than two years modernizing Yiddish, converting it to the Latin alphabet, revising the spelling, and constructing a grammar, the first Yiddish grammar ever recorded. Zamenhof published mostly in Esperanto, though he also wrote in Yiddish and Russian before his first book on Esperanto in 1887. He later practised at Kherson and Grodno, but in 1897 returned to Warsaw, where he now (1905) practises among the poorer Jews. Zamenhof pursued general medical studies at Warsaw and Moscow (M.D. Finalises the grammar of his modernisation project of the Yiddish language - a Germanic language which evolved among Jewish people in Europe. Zamenhof at first called his language “Lingvo internacia” (international language), however, the individuals who learned it started to call it Esperanto after his pseudonym, which before long turned into the official name for the language. Language and Linguistics Grammar. In 1886 he was an ophthalmologist in Vienna and Plotsk. Leizer Ludwik Zamenhof (1859–1917) created Esperanto to be a global second language. At the time, Poland was a part of the Russian Empire. The young and pragmatic Zamenhof chose to reform Yiddish, the language with millions of native speakers; whereas the first native speaker of Modern Hebrew, the son of Ben-Yehuda was not born yet. *ahem* Zamenhof was a Litvak Jew, and as such culturally Russian. The word esperanto translates into English as "one who hopes"; Esperanto speakers are often called "Esperantists" (Esperantistoj). Some of his works can be found today at Project Gutenberg (www.gutenberg.org). A series of pogroms in Russia motivated Zamenhof to join with Zionists in 1882, but he left the Zionists five years later declaring that all forms of nationalism produced human unhappiness. In 1879, LL Zamenhof composed the first grammar of Yiddish. He practiced his profession among the poor Jewish population of that city, and often offered his services free of charge. 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